Active Components: Small Molecules That Do Big Things

Cordyceps contains a large number of biologically active and beneficial molecules, which reflects the wide array of its applications. Pharmacologically active compounds have not yet been fully resolved, however cordycepin, cordycepic acid, ergosterol  and cordyceps polysaccharide are the major proposed candidates (Cleaver, Holliday & Wasser, 2005). Cordycepin specifically has been deemed effective in suppressing inflammation as well as tumor invasion, migration, and growth (Zhou et al., 2009). Ergosterol and cordyceps polysaccharide are other bioactive constituents with both immune-enhancing and tumor-suppressing qualities (Cleaver et al., 2005).

Major active components of C.sinensis.

Other physiologically beneficial constituents include a compilation of vitamins (B1, B2, B12, E, and K), as well as some important metals (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc, etc.) (Zhu et al., 1998).  Much of the prophylactic benefits of C.sinensis could be attributed to the molecules mentioned above in addition to significant concentrations of all essential amino acids, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, as well as other peptides, proteins and polysaccharides (Cleaver et al., 2005). While certain components have been isolated and examined for their activity, it is also possible that all or some of these constituents act synergistically (Zhu et al., 1998).

The most common method of administration of Cordyceps is an aqueous extract, or tonic, which is also the form used in all scientific studies. To prepare the tonic, Cordyceps is finely ground and boiled in distilled water for about 1 hour (Li, Yang & Tsim, 2006). The proportions are standardized at 7 grams of powder per 100 milliliters of water, although these numbers may vary (Li et al., 2006). Capsules containing dry, ground fungus are also readily available.